Beer
Grain, water, yeast and hops — from Mesopotamia to the Belgian abbeys
Beer is among the oldest things people have made from grain. This atlas follows it from the earliest archaeological traces through monastery and guild, the long arrival of hops, and the laboratories and refrigerating machines that made modern lager — to the regional traditions that survived, with Belgium's especially rich heritage set in its global context.
Every style is described as the sources describe it: recognised styles, legally protected names and certification labels are kept apart from marketing language.

The history
Open the timeline →- Antiquityc. 13,700-11,700 years ago (cal BP)Raqefet Cave: the oldest beer claim
- seventh millennium BCEJiahu: a Neolithic fermented drink
- c. 3600 BCE (Hierakonpolis); c. 3150 BCE (Abydos)Early Egyptian breweries: Hierakonpolis and Abydos
- tablets at least 3,900 years old (early second millennium BCE)The Hymn to Ninkasi
- Middle Ages822Hops in the statutes of Adalhard of Corbie
- 22 February 1438Charter of the Brewers' Company of London
- Early modern24 April 1516The Bavarian beer ordinance of 1516 ('Reinheitsgebot')
- Industrial age5 October 1842 (first brew); 11 November 1842 (first presented)The first Plzeň pale lager
- 1873Linde's refrigeration machine at Spaten
- 1876Pasteur's Études sur la bière
- 1883 (production use from November 1883)Hansen's pure yeast culture at Carlsberg
Styles & categories
See all (12) →Regions
3
Makers & institutions
3
Ingredients & botanicals
2
Methods
1
By country
10
- CountryBelgium46 entries in the atlas so far
- CountryCzech Republic3 entries in the atlas so far
- CountryDenmark1 entry in the atlas so far
- CountryEgypt3 entries in the atlas so far
- CountryFrance162 entries in the atlas so far
- CountryGermany20 entries in the atlas so far
- CountryIraq1 entry in the atlas so far
- CountryIsrael2 entries in the atlas so far
- CountryPeople's Republic of China14 entries in the atlas so far
- CountryUnited Kingdom97 entries in the atlas so far
Across the atlas
- StyleGeneverProtected name
- MethodMoutwijn (malt wine)Distillation
- StoryCereals: the grasses that fed the worldTurkey
- StoryA history of whiskyScotland, United Kingdom
- StyleScotch WhiskyProtected name
- StyleSingle Malt Scotch WhiskyLegal category
- StyleIrish whiskeyProtected name
- StyleIrish pot still whiskeyLegal category
The world map
All markers on the map (29)
Tip: markers are also listed below the map for keyboard and screen-reader use.

